Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will tend to increase the dispersion of the seeds.
Cotton is a natural fibre of vegetable origin, like linen, jute or hemp. Mostly composed of cellulose (a carbohydrate plant substance) and formed by twisted, ribbon-like shaped fibres, cotton is the fruit of a shrubby plant commonly referred to as the “cotton plant”. The cotton plant, a variety of plants of the genus Gossypium, belongs to the Malvacae family, which comprises approximately 1,500 species, also including the baobab tree, the bombax or the mallow.
On annual basis, area under cotton cultivation is about 0.2-0.6 million hectares, largely in the Savannah areas of the country. Production depends on various factors ranging from vagaries of weather, cotton price, problems of the textile industries, etc.
In 2005-2006, about 232,675 hectares were cultivated to produce about 300,000 tons of seed cotton or 110,000 tons of lint (about 607, 735 bales of cotton lint). The prospect for 2007/2008 is about 400,000 tons of seed cotton from about 0.3million hectares. Production is mainly in three cotton zones: the Northern zone (60%); Eastern Zone (30%); and the Southern Zone (10%), respectively. Production is dominated by small scale farmers, with farm sizes ranging from 3-5 hectares all under rainfed ecologies. Seed cotton yield ranges from 0.6 to 1.5 tons per hectare.
The largest producers of cotton, currently (2009), are China and India, with annual production of about 34 million bales and 27 million bales, respectively; most of this production is consumed by their respective textile industries. The largest exporters of raw cotton are the United States, with sales of $4.9 billion, and Africa, with sales of $2.1 billion. The total international trade is estimated to be $12 billion. Africa’s share of the cotton trade has doubled since 1980. Neither area has a significant domestic textile industry, textile manufacturing having moved to developing nations in Eastern and South Asia such as India and China. In Africa, cotton is grown by numerous small holders.
Nigeria exports her cotton lints to China, United Kingdom, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Republic of Benin.
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Report Title: FEASIBILITY REPORT ON THE EXPORT OF COTTON LINT IN NIGERIA.
Report Code: FORA/2013/3074841/FMR/4235
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